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Spring Materials, Types, Surface Treatments
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Spring Encyclopedia
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Spring Encyclopedia

  • Compression Springs
    Compression Spring

    Micro wire compression springs are wound from metal wire to store and release energy, deliver push force, absorb vibration, or regulate the movement of mechanical components.
    • (1) Features

      Energy storage: Stores and releases mechanical energy to provide thrust throughout the stroke.

      Shock absorption: Mitigates impact and vibration to reduce operating loads and improve comfort.

      Precise control: Offers accurate elasticity for high-tech uses such as MEMS devices.

    • (2) Applications

      Medical equipment: Ensures reliable precision in surgical tools, dental devices, pumps, and similar assemblies.

      Electronics: Provides conductivity and rebound force for battery contacts, push buttons, and connectors.

      MEMS: Supplies finely tuned elastic control inside miniaturized mechanical systems.

      Other industries: Used in automotive, precision machinery, and aerospace assemblies that require miniature elastic components.

    Variable-pitch compression springs intentionally change the spacing between coils-"tight and loose" or "dense to sparse"-to optimize stress distribution, deformation, and performance for scenarios that demand differentiated feedback or reduced stress concentration.
    • (1) Features

      Tailored stiffness: Adjusting coil spacing yields different stiffness or return forces at various compression stages for precise load control.

      Balanced stress: Uneven spacing spreads stress across a broader area, reducing localized fatigue and extending service life.

      Lower noise and better stability: Tighter coils can stabilize motion at specific stages while minimizing contact noise during compression.

      Purpose-built behavior: Ideal for mechanisms that require complex force-displacement profiles, precise travel control, or variable loading.

    • (2) Applications

      Mechanical systems: Equipment that must cushion different impact levels.

      Precision instrumentation: Automation or measurement devices with specific force-response requirements.

      Industrial optimization: Systems that rely on a defined force-displacement curve to raise efficiency.

    Magazine springs are formed by repeatedly alternating straight segments and near-semicircular arcs. Installed inside magazines or charging devices, they push cartridges via spring compression. Force and speed depend on wire diameter, coil diameter, and coil count. Some spring ends are bent for pegging to prevent deflection caused by the clearance between the magazine wall and the spring.
    • (1) Features

      Energy storage and release: Acts as a compression spring that stores energy when loaded and discharges it once the force is removed.

      Consistent pressure: Maintains constant contact forces between components.

      Robust construction: Commonly wound from piano wire or other high-strength materials in round or special-shaped profiles.

      Adjustability: Force, speed, and travel can be tuned by altering wire diameter, coil diameter, or coil count to fit each application.

    • (2) Applications

      Firearms: Feeds cartridges smoothly inside magazines-its most recognizable role.

      Electronics: Secures SIM trays, memory modules, drives, connectors, and antennas by providing retention and contact force.

      Home appliances: Supports keypads, circuit boards, or cable routing.

      Automotive: Manages harnesses and connectors in confined spaces.

      Industrial equipment: Fixes sensors, switches, and other assemblies.

      Toys and misc.: Powers toy-gun magazines and similar mechanisms.

  • Torsion Springs
    Torsion Spring

    Single torsion springs generate torque by twisting a single coil and pair of legs.
    • (1) Features

      Simple structure: Built from one helical body with two legs.

      Compact footprint: Fits tight spaces.

      Easy installation: Straightforward geometry simplifies assembly.

      One-way torque: Legs deflect in a single direction to deliver uni-directional torque.

      Energy storage: Twisting stores rotational energy that is released when the load is removed.

    • (2) Applications

      Rotary mechanisms: Hinges, levers, and latches that need return torque.

      Clamping and retention: Used in clips or clamps to hold components together.

      Angular return: Restores preset angles in control mechanisms.

      Everyday products: Clothes pins, flip-top lids, and similar consumer goods.

      Industrial assemblies: Timers, instruments, electrical switches, automotive trim, and medical components.

      Miscellaneous: Toys, remote controls, printers, and countless other devices.

    Double torsion springs pair two coils symmetrically to deliver greater torque and balanced output for tailgates, appliance lids, badge clips, tape measures, and more.
    • (1) Features

      High torque in two directions: Dual coils working in parallel provide greater torque than a single torsion spring.

      Improved stability: Symmetry balances torque and reduces eccentric loading.

      Flexible design: Customizable in size, shape, and leg geometry to suit each mechanism.

      Bi-directional force: Supplies torque in both directions for systems that must return from either side.

    • (2) Applications

      Transportation: Automotive liftgates, seat adjusters, doors, and power steering assistance.

      Household appliances: Flip-lid appliances and printers that need counterbalance or return torque.

      Industrial equipment: Heavy doors, clamping fixtures, and balanced machinery.

      Everyday items: Badge clips, clipboard clamps, and similar products requiring elastic clamping.

      Precision devices: Micro torsion springs in electronics, smartphones, and wearables.

    Custom torsion springs can be tailored to unique geometries and materials for specialized applications.
    • (1) Features

      Flexible geometry: Legs can be bent into almost any angle or profile beyond standard single- or double-torsion forms.

      Accurate torque tuning: Designed to deliver precise torque and angular travel.

      Material versatility: Commonly produced from carbon steel, stainless steel, or alloy wire for the ideal balance of strength and durability.

      High customization: Geometry and function can be integrated to simplify assembly.

    • (2) Applications

      Electronics: Cable winders, phone stands, and tactile button mechanisms.

      Household and lifestyle products: File clips, eyeglass hinges, clamps, and organizers.

      Automotive and motorcycle parts: Throttle returns, lamp adjusters, pedal feel systems.

      Industrial automation: Positioning or return devices within automated machinery.

      Hardware and decorative goods: Artistic clips, display fixtures, and bespoke fittings.

  • Wire Forms
    Wire Forming

    Wire-formed hardware excels at customization, diverse geometries, high precision, and stable quality.
    • (1) Features

      High customization: Produced to virtually any form based on customer specifications.

      Complex geometries: Supports bending, forming, cutting, and welding to achieve intricate shapes.

      Precision and consistency: CNC-controlled forming maintains tight tolerances and repeatability.

      Broad material options: Works with steels, alloys, aluminum, brass, stainless steel, and more.

    • (2) Applications

      Industrial and manufacturing: Springs, pins, hangers, retainers, hose clamps, and brackets.

      Electronics and communications: Antennas and cable ties.

      Architecture: Wire mesh, frames, and protective guards.

      Home goods and jewelry: Hooks, hangers, and ornamental pieces.

      Automotive: Clips, fasteners, and functional linkages.

    Wire-formed paper clips emphasize elasticity, formability, and customization-ideal for office stationery.
    • (1) Features

      Elastic and formable: Metal wire delivers excellent flexibility and can be reshaped as needed.

      Diverse shapes: Wire can be bent, cut, and coiled into countless sizes or special silhouettes.

      Custom-built: Dimensions and functions can be tailored to specific requirements.

      Multiple materials and finishes: Options include stainless steel, brass, copper, plastics, and finishes such as zinc, nickel, or ED coatings.

    • (2) Applications

      Office supplies: Temporarily secures documents, cards, and files for easy sorting.

      Home organization: Cable management, zipper pulls, and quick fixes.

    Wire jewelry parts offer strong formability, diverse styles, and broad size ranges, making them perfect for hooks, clasps, and other customized accents.
    • (1) Features

      Highly customizable: Bent, cut, or assembled to any shape required.

      Material versatility: Choose from steels, stainless, brass, bronze, aluminum, and more to match performance and appearance goals.

      Wide size range: Produced in virtually any dimension.

      Flexible design: Can be coiled or combined with other components for additional functions.

    • (2) Applications

      Jewelry: Hooks, clasps, and decorative findings.

      Functional hardware: Springs, hooks, brackets, pins, antennas, tubing restraints, and fasteners where aesthetics and function meet.